引入
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| first of all | 首先 |
| to begin with | 首先 |
| to start with | 首先 |
| to outline the main points | 以概述要点 |
| in order to decide whether or not | 要想对……做出抉择 |
承接
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| previously | 在此之前 |
| preceding this | 在此之前 |
| prior to this | 在此之前 |
| next | 接下来 |
| since then | 在此之后 |
| afterwards | 在此之后 |
| following this | 在此之后 |
最后
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| to end with | 最后 |
| eventually | 最后 |
| ultimately | 最后 |
| finally | 最后 |
| last but not least | 最后 |
因果关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| because | 因为 |
| because of this | 因此 |
| since | 由于 |
| as | 由于 |
| for | 因为 |
| owing to | 由于 |
| due to | 由于 |
| for the reason that… | 由于 |
| in view of | 因为 |
| for such a reason | 由于 |
| as a result of | 由……导致 |
| therefore | 因此 |
| consequently | 因此 |
| as a result | 因此 |
| thus | 所以 |
| hence | 所以 |
| so | 所以 |
| so that | 所以 |
| in consequence | 所以 |
| as a consequence | 所以 |
| consequently | 所以 |
| accordingly | 因此 |
| inevitably | 不可避免地 |
| under these conditions | 在这种情况下 |
转折关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| but | 但是 |
| even so | 即使如此 |
| however | 然而 |
| even though | 虽然 |
| reckless of | 尽管 |
| despite | 尽管 |
| in spite of | 尽管 |
| regardless of | 尽管 |
| while…yet… | 尽管……但是…… |
| unless | 除非 |
| nevertheless | 然而 |
| whereas | 然而 |
| although | 虽然 |
| though | 虽然 |
| on the contrary | 恰恰相反 |
并列关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| and | 和 |
| also | 也 |
| too | 也 |
| as well as | 和 |
| meanwhile | 同时 |
| at the same time | 同时 |
| simultaneously | 同时 |
| both…and… | ……和……两者都 |
| for one thing… for another… | 一方面……另一方面…… |
| on the one hand… on the other hand… | 一方面……另一方面…… |
| not only…but also… | 既……又…… |
递进关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| furthermore | 此外 |
| moreover | 此外 |
| further | 此外 |
| still | 还要，更 |
| not…but… | 不但……而且…… |
| in addition (to) | 此外 |
| additionally | 进一步 |
| more specifically | 更具体地说 |
| next | 其次 |
| besides | 另外 |
| moreover | 而且 |
| furthermore | 而且 |
| in other words | 换言之 |
| even | 甚至 |
| above all | 尤其是 |
| to make things better(worse) | 使事情变得更好（更糟） |
比较关系（相同点）
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| similarly | 类似地 |
| like | 类似地 |
| likewise | 类似地 |
| in comparison with | 与……比较而言 |
| when compared with | 与……比较而言 |
| compared with | 与……比较而言 |
| similarly important | 同样重要 |
| as well as | 同样 |
| in the same way | 同样 |
对照关系（不同点）
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| yet | 但是，然而 |
| still | 但是，然而 |
| for all of that | 尽管如此 |
| rather | 更准确地说 |
| neither … nor | 既不……也不…… |
| although | 虽然 |
| though | 虽然 |
| but | 但是 |
| however | 但是 |
| something is just the other way around | 恰恰相反 |
| conversely | 相反地 |
| opposed to | 相反地 |
| in contrast | 相反地 |
| on the contrary | 相反地 |
| contrary to | 相反地 |
| different from this | 与……不同 |
| nevertheless | 与……不同 |
| unlike | 与……不同 |
| whereas | 然而 |
| while | 然而 |
| to draw/make a comparison between… and … | 对比……和…… |
举例关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| for example | 例如 |
| for instance | 例如 |
| in this case | 例如 |
| namely | 例如 |
| like | 例如 |
| such as | 例如 |
| a case in point | 例如 |
| as is known to all | 众所周知 |
| in particular | 尤其；特别 |
| including | 包括 |
| put it simply | 简单来说 |
| stated roughly | 大致说来 |
| as an illustration | 作为例子 |
| to detail this, I would like to… | 为了详细说明这一点，我想…… |
| a good example would be… | 一个很好的例子是…… |
| It is interesting to note that… | 值得注意的是…… |
| take the case of… | 就……的例子来说 |
| take…as example | 以……为例 |
| as regards | 关于 |
| according to | 根据 |
| on this occasion | 在这种情况下 |
| to illustrate this point | 为了说明这一点 |
| et cetera | 等等 |
| and so on | 等等 |
| and so forth | 等等 |
例外关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| apart from | 除……之外 |
| except | 除……之外 |
| with the exception from | 除……之外 |
强调关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| in fact | 实际上 |
| especially | 尤其 |
| particularly | 尤其 |
| moreover | 尤其 |
| naturally | 顺理成章地 |
| what is particular | 值得特别关注的是 |
| not to mention | 不用说；更不必说 |
| believe it or not | 信不信由你 |
| undeniably | 毫无疑问 |
| it is certain／sure that… | 可以肯定的是…… |
| by definition | 顾名思义 |
| definitely | 确切地 |
| undoubtedly | 毫无疑问 |
| without a doubt | 毫无疑问 |
| in truth | 事实上 |
| in any event | 无论如何；不管怎样 |
| without reservation | 毫无保留地 |
| obviously | 显然 |
| not only | 不仅仅 |
条件关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| if | 如果 |
| when | 当……的时候 |
| unless | 除非 |
| lest | 以免 |
| provided that | 假如 |
| if it is the case | 如果是这样的话 |
| in this sense | 从这种意义上来说 |
| once | 一旦 |
| if possible | 如果可能 |
| if necessary | 如有必要 |
| if so | 如果是这样 |
| if anything | 要说真有什么的话 |
归纳总结
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| in other words | 换言之 |
| therefore | 因此 |
| hence | 因此 |
| in short | 简而言之 |
| in brief | 简而言之 |
| to put it in a nutshell | 简而言之 |
| in general | 总体上来说 |
| generally | 总体上来说 |
| in sum | 总体上来说 |
| to sum up | 总体上来说 |
| in conclusion | 总体上来说 |
| in summary | 总体上来说 |
| to conclude | 总体上来说 |
| in conclusion | 总体上来说 |
| the conclusion can be drawn that… | 总体上来说 |
| on the whole | 总体上来说 |
| to sum up | 总体上来说 |
| all in all | 总体上来说 |
| to summarize | 总体上来说 |
| basically | 基本上 |
| in all respects | 在各个方面 |
| in many ways | 在各个方面 |
| in many/most cases | 在各个方面 |
| I find it difficult to reach a conclusion but I’m tempted to say | 我觉得很难得出结论，但我想说…… |
| we can draw the conclusion | 我们可以得出结论 |
方位关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| beyond | 在（或向）……较远的一边；超出 |
| opposite to | 在对面 |
| adjacent to | 比邻于；毗连 |
| at the same place | 在同样的地方 |
| there | 哪里 |
| over | 在……之上 |
| in the middle | 在中间 |
| around | 在周围 |
| in front of | 在……之前 |
| in the distance | 在远处 |
| farther | 更远的地方 |
| here and there | 在各处；零散地 |
| above | 在……之上 |
| below | 在……之下 |
| between | 在两者之间 |
| on this side | 在这一边 |
目的关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| with this object | 以此为目的 |
| for this purpose | 以此为目的 |
| in order that | 为了 |
| since | 由于；既然 |
| so that | 因此；以便 |
| on that account | 为了那个缘故 |
| 以防；免得 | 以防；免得 |
| with a view to | 为了；以便 |
| for the same reason | 同理 |
重申关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| in other words | 换言之 |
| that is to say | 换言之 |
| namely | 换言之 |
| to put it in another way | 换言之 |
| again | 又一次；再次 |
| once again | 又一次；再次 |
时间关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| at once | 立刻 |
| immediately | 立刻 |
| in the meantime | 同时 |
| meanwhile | 同时 |
| at the same time | 同时 |
| in the end | 最终 |
| at length | 最终 |
| then | 然后 |
| soon | 不久之后 |
| not long after | 不久之后 |
| later | 后来 |
| at last | 最后 |
| finally | 最后 |
| some time ago | 前些时；一段时间以前 |
| at present | 现在 |
| all of a sudden | 突然 |
| from this time on | 从这时起 |
| since then | 从那时起 |
| from time to time | 间或；偶尔 |
| when | 在……的时候 |
| whenever | 无论何时 |
| a few minutes later | 几分钟之后 |
| formerly | 以前 |
| as | 在……的时候 |
| once | 一旦 |
| since | 自从 |
| occasionally | 偶尔 |
| in a moment | 一会儿，马上 |
| shortly | 一会儿，马上 |
| whereupon | 然后；于是 |
| previously | （一段时间）以前 |
结果关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| accordingly | 因此 |
| thus | 因此 |
| consequently | 因此 |
| hence | 因此 |
| hence | 因此 |
| thereupon | 因此 |
| inevitably | 难以避免地 |
| under these conditions | 在这样的情况下 |
| under these circumstances | 在这样的情况下 |
| as a result | 结果 |
| in consequence | 结果 |
| consequently | 结果 |
| so that | 因此；以便 |
| so | 因此 |
| so… that | 太……以致于…… |
依据关系
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| with reference to | 根据 |
| regarding | 根据 |
| as regards | 根据 |
| as far as… is concerned | 根据 |
| according to | 根据 |
个人观点
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| I believe | 我认为…… |
| as far as I know | 据我所知 |
| as far as I am concerned | 据我所知 |
| in my opinion | 据我所知 |
| to my mind | 据我所知 |
| in my view | 据我所知 |
| I am convinced that | 我相信…… |
| I firmly believe that | 我坚信…… |
同意观点
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| I entirely / absolutely agree with | 我完全同意…… |
| that’s exactly my own view | 这正是我的观点 |
| I’m of exactly the same opinion | 我的看法完全一样 |
| that’s perfectly true | （以上观点）完全正确 |
| I’d like to support this view | 我倾向于支持该观点 |
不同意观点
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| I partly disagree with | 我一定程度上同意 |
| I don’t entirely agree with | 我不完全同同意 |
| I agree in principle, but | 原则上我同意，但是…… |
| That’s not the way I see it | 我的看法与之不同 |
| I see things rather differently myself | 我的看法与之不同 |
| I’m not at all convinced that | 我一点都不同意…… |
| I’m not absolutely sure | 我对……不敢下定论 |
兴趣或计划
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| to be interested in sth / in doing sth | 对……感兴趣 |
| It interests me a lot | 我对……十分有兴趣 |
| My main / particular interest is | 我主要的兴趣是…… |
| I have the intention of doing | 我有……的打算 |
| I am prepared to do sth | 我准备做…… |
| I am determined to do sth | 我决定做…… |
| I’m planning to do sth | 我计划做…… |
| I’m very keen on doing sth | 我热衷于…… |
缺少兴趣
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| I find … rather uninteresting / boring | 我觉得…相当无聊 |
| I don’t take any interest in | 我对……不感兴趣 |
| It’s all the same to me whether | 是否……对我来说没有区别 |
| It means nothing to me | 对我来说没有意义 |