Reducing Conjuctions
- and /ænd/ -/ən/
- or /ɔ:r/-/ər/
- as /æz/-/əz/
Reducing Prepositions
- to /tu:/-/tə/
- for /fɔ:(r)/-/fə(r)/
- of /ʌv//ɒv/-/əv//ə/
Reducing Auxiliary Verbs
- have /hæv/-/əv//ə/
- has /hæz/-/əz//ə/
- can /kæn/-/kən/
Reducing Pronous
- he /hi/-/i/
- you /jʊ/-/yə/
- her /hə(r)/-/ə(r)/
- his /hɪz/-/ɪz/
- him /hɪm/-/ɪm//əm/
Reducing Verb + to
- want to——wanna
- going to——gonna
- have to——hafta
- has to——hasta
- had to——hada
- ought to——oudda
Here are some note:
五种类型的弱读
1.Reducing Conjunction 弱读连词
and /ænd/→/ən/
eg.apples and oranges
you and me
or /ɔ:r/→/ər/
eg.soup or salad
he or she
as /æz/→/əz/
eg.might as well
as soon as
2.Reducing Prepositions 弱读介词
to /tu:/→/tə/
eg.Talk to me.
He asked me to go.
for /fɔ:(r)/→/fə(r)/
eg.Are you looking for trouble?
What’s for dinner?
of /ʌv//ɒv/→/əv//ə/
eg.worse of all part of
a glass of water kind of
a lot of people sort of
one of those
3.Reducing Auxiliary Verbs 弱读助动词
have /hæv/→/əv//ə/
eg.You could have gone with me.(/əv/)
I should have done that.(/ə/)
has /hæz/→/əz//ə/
eg.It has a view./əz/
Where has she been?/ə/
can /kæn/→/kən/
eg.I can do this.
Can you make it?
4.Reducing Pronouns 弱读代词
he /hi/→/i/
eg.Could he cheat?
Would he come?
you /ju/→/yə/
eg.I gave it to you.
Talk to you later.
See you.
her /hə(r)/→/ə(r)/
eg.Use her notes.
I like her.
his /hɪz/→/ɪz/
eg.Use his notes.
I got his name.
him /hɪm/→/ɪm//əm/
eg.Give him time./ɪm/
Let him know./əm/
5.Reducing Verb+to 弱读动词+to
want to → wanna
eg.I want to get it done.
I want to go out tonight.
going to → gonna
eg.I am going to do my homework tomorrow.
I am going to visit my parents.
have to → hafta
eg.You have to talk to your mom.
You have to work hard.
has to → hasta
eg.She has to wear a mask.
She has to go to school.
had to → hada
eg.She had to get a ride last night.
ought to → oudda
eg.I ought to try harder.